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What is PCOD and PCOS: A Guide from New World Fertility Centre

What is PCOD?

Polycystic Ovarian Disease (PCOD) is a condition where a woman's ovaries produce immature or partially mature eggs in large numbers during reproductive age. Over time, these eggs turn into cysts within the ovaries. As a result, the ovaries enlarge and secrete an excessive amount of male hormones (androgens), leading to infertility issues, irregular periods, unwanted weight gain, and other health complications.

Despite its prevalence, many women are unaware of the symptoms, implications, and treatment options for PCOD. Early diagnosis and management are crucial to prevent future health problems.

Potential Problems Caused by PCOD

PCOD can significantly impact a woman’s physical and mental health. About 34% of women with PCOD suffer from depression, and nearly 45% experience anxiety. This highlights the importance of early detection and treatment to avoid long-term issues.

Women diagnosed with PCOD often face a reduced quality of life, characterized by:

Mood swings
Negative social relationships
Low self-confidence
Poor self-image
Disrupted eating and sleep patterns
Low motivation

What is PCOS?

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a hormonal disorder affecting the ovaries and other parts of the body. It's common among women of childbearing age and can lead to serious health issues if left untreated.

During ovulation, a mature egg is released from the ovary to be fertilized. If this process is disrupted, multiple small cysts can form in the ovaries, producing androgens. High androgen levels can further disrupt menstrual cycles and cause various PCOS symptoms.

Medication is often used to manage PCOS symptoms and prevent health complications, though it cannot cure the condition.

Causes of PCOS

The exact cause of PCOS remains unknown. Many women with PCOS have insulin resistance, causing high insulin levels that may increase androgen production. Obesity can exacerbate insulin resistance and PCOS symptoms.

Symptoms of PCOS

Common symptoms of PCOS include:

Irregular or missed periods
Enlarged ovaries or multiple cysts
Excess body hair (hirsutism)
Weight gain, particularly around the abdomen
Acne or oily skin
Thinning hair or male-pattern baldness
Infertility
Skin tags on the neck or armpits
Dark or thick skin patches on the neck, armpits, or under the breasts

PCOD/PCOS Problem Symptoms

PCOD primarily affects the ovaries, which are crucial for releasing egg cells and producing hormones like estrogen, progesterone, and androgens. PCOD disrupts this process, leading to abnormal male hormone release.

Symptoms of PCOD/PCOS include:

Irregular or heavy menstrual periods
Excess body hair
Acne
Hair loss or male-pattern baldness
Difficulty conceiving
Obesity
Darkened skin or pigmentation around the neck
Sleep disorders
Depression

Causes of PCOD/PCOS

The precise cause of PCOD is unclear, but it is believed to have both genetic and environmental factors. An unhealthy diet, sedentary lifestyle, pollution, hormone-altering medications, and certain over-the-counter drugs may contribute. PCOD often runs in families and may have hereditary links.

Researchers suggest several physiological factors that may increase the risk of developing PCOD/PCOS:

Excess Insulin Production: High insulin levels, a key driver of PCOS, can increase androgen production, hindering ovulation.
Inflammation: Low-grade inflammation, possibly due to autoimmune diseases, can raise androgen levels in the body.
High Androgen Levels: Elevated male hormones can lead to increased facial and body hair, acne, skin issues, and a higher risk of cardiovascular diseases.

Managing PCOD and PCOS at New World Fertility Centre

At New World Fertility Centre, we offer comprehensive diagnostic and treatment options for PCOD and PCOS. Our experienced team provides personalized care to help manage symptoms and improve your quality of life. If you suspect you have PCOD or PCOS, contact us to schedule a consultation and explore your treatment options.

What is PCOS/PCOD?